
Altruistically Inclined?: The Behavioral Sciences, Evolutionary Theory, and the Origins of Reciprocity (Economics, Cognition, and Society)
Alexander J. Field
Altruistically Inclined? examines the implications of recent research in the natural sciences for two important social scientific approaches to individual behavior: the economic/rational choice approach and the sociological/anthropological. It considers jointly two controversial and related ideas: the operation of group selection within early human evolutionary processes and the likelihood of modularity—domain-specific adaptations in our cognitive mechanisms and behavioral predispositions.
Experimental research shows that people will often cooperate in one-shot prisoner's dilemma (PD) games and reject positive offers in ultimatum games, contradicting commonly accepted notions of rationality. Upon first appearance, predispositions to behave in this fashion could not have been favored by natural selection operating only at the level of the individual organism.
Emphasizing universal and variable features of human culture, developing research on how the brain functions, and refinements of thinking about levels of selection in evolutionary processes, Alexander J. Field argues that humans are born with the rudiments of a PD solution module—and differentially prepared to learn norms supportive of it. His emphasis on failure to harm, as opposed to the provision of affirmative assistance, as the empirically dominant form of altruistic behavior is also novel.
The point of departure and principal point of reference is economics. But Altruistically Inclined? will interest a broad range of scholars in the social and behavioral sciences, natural scientists concerned with the implications of research and debates within their fields for the conduct of work elsewhere, and educated lay readers curious about essential features of human nature.
Alexander J. Field is the Michel and Mary Orradre Professor of Economics at Santa Clara University.
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About Alexander J. Field
Reviews for Altruistically Inclined?: The Behavioral Sciences, Evolutionary Theory, and the Origins of Reciprocity (Economics, Cognition, and Society)
EH.NET
". . . it is a very engaging work that should be ready by anyone interested in explaining human altruism. It is likely to generate renewed interest in this important topic . . ." —Craig T. Palmer, Human Nature Review, Volume 2 (2002)
Human Nature Review
"...a provocative, integrative, impressively scholarly work that will stimulate a wide range of readers." —Thomas P. Hahn, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
"Field has set new standards for interdisciplinary erudition: he moves with ease from game theory and experimental economics to evolutionary theory and psychology. . . . Field has done us a great service by writing this book." —Joel Mokyr, Northwestern University, Journal of Economic History, March 2003
Journal of Economic History
". . . an excellent study in clearly demonstrating some major failings of neoclassical economics, forces an examination of 'preconceptions' (including our own), and provides a strong argument supporting the position that humans are much more (and much better) than a great deal of conventional theory—arising in all fields of inquiry—would have us." —John F. Henry, California State University, Sacramento, Journal of Economic Issues, March 2003
Journal of Economic Issues
"...a work of scholarship and mature reflection, based on a wide reading across economics, biology, and psychology..." —Robert Sugden, Journal of Economic Literature
Journal of Economic Literature
"Field provides a feast for scholars who are struggling to develop a coherent theory of human behavior grounded in evolutionary biology and tested with empirical data from diverse social settings. Scholars in all of the social sciences would be well advised to read this book carefully." —Elinor Ostrom , Journal of Interdisciplinary History
Journal of Interdisciplinary History