Judith Swazey is an independent scholar and an Adjunct Professor of Social and Behavioral Sciences at Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health. Her publications, which have focused on social, ethical, and policy issues in biomedical research, health care, and professional education, include In Sickness and in Health: Social Dimensions of Medical Care (with Ralph Hingson, Norman Scotch, and James Sorenson); Social Controls and the Medical Profession (edited with Stephen Scher); and, with Renee C. Fox, The Courage to Fail: A Social View of Organ Transplants and Dialysis, Spare Parts: Organ Replacement in American Society, and Observing Bioethics.